Sometimes you need to know whether your installed system is 32-bit or 64-bit. Grep -iw lm /proc/cpuinfo flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep.
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Iw is a new based CLI configuration utility for wireless devices. It supports all new drivers that have been added to the kernel recently. The old tool iwconfig, which uses Wireless Extensions interface, is deprecated and it's strongly recommended to switch to iw and nl80211.Like the rest of the Linux kernel, iw is still under development. Features are added 'as we go'. The only documentation for iw is this page and output from 'iw help'. Please help expand this page.There is a page listing use cases with iwconfig and iw:.Getting iw. Uses WEP for encryption It however should be noted that if you disconnect from the AP, which can happen quite frequently on a busy environment, you will need to reissue the command.
If you do not want to do this you can just use which will automatically try to reconnect you when you get disconnected.If you do choose to deal with disconnects yourself you can use iw connect as follows.To connect to an AP that has encryption disabled, where its SSID is foo:iw wlan0 connect fooSuppose you have two APs with the SSID foo, and you know the one you want to connect to is on the frequency 2432, you can specify the frequency to use:iw wlan0 connect foo 2432To connect to an AP that uses WEP, you can use:iw wlan0 connect foo keys 0:abcde d:1: Getting station statistics. Ibss also adhoc To see a description of these please read our.For example to add a monitor interface:iw phy phy0 interface add moni0 type monitorwhere you can replacemonitorby anything else andmoni0by the interface name, and need to replacephy0by the PHY name for your hardware (usually phy0 will be correct unless you hotplugged or reloaded any modules.) If your udev is configured incorrectly, the newly created virtual interface may be renamed by it right away, useip linkto list all interfaces. To create a new managed mode interface you would use:iw phy phy0 interface add wlan10 type managedNote that the interface is automatically put into AP mode when using hostapd.Modifying monitor interface flags. You can customize the type of monitor interface you create. This can be very useful for debugging purposes on end user systems. For example, suppose you want to help a user. You can take advantage of the fact that a monitor interface in mac80211 uses radiotap to pass up to userspace additional data.
Say we want to help a user fish out data without affecting the device's performance by setting it to a full monitor interface. You may add a mesh interface to drivers that operation. Mesh Point interfaces have a meshid parameter which may be up to 32 bytes long. For example, to add an interface “mesh0” to device phy0 with meshid “mymesh”,iw phy phy0 interface add mesh0 type mp meshid mymeshMesh Point interfaces, by default, are configured on Channel 1. Mesh Point operation begins when the interface is brought up. In the default configuration, Mesh Point interfaces will automatically detect and attempt to create Peer Links with other Mesh Points (peers) having the same mesh ID. Use the to see the peer list and Peer Link status.After sending traffic (ex: pinging another mesh node), you may wish to see a list of Mesh Paths:iw dev mesh0 mpath dumpPlease see the for further details on Mesh Point related commands and their output, as well as more examples.
Iw also provides commands for advanced Mesh Point configuration. These are documented in the section of the open80211s HOWTO.Setting up a WDS peer. WDS mode is a non-standard extension to the IEEE 802.11 standard to allow transparent Ethernet bridging on the station and to implement seamingless hand-over for wireless clients roaming between different access points. Due to its non-standard nature, WDS is often implemented differently in wireless drivers and vendor firmwares making them incompatible with each other.
In order to use WDS, one should use the same hardware and software on all deployed wireless devices to maintain compatibility.To create a WDS peer you will first need to create an interface of WDS type, and then set the peer:iw phy phy0 interface add wds0 type wdsiw dev wds0 set peer In order for this to work the driver must implement the cfg80211 callback setwdspeer. Mac80211 implements this callback, so the respective mac80211 driver would just need to support WDS type interfaces. What WDS will do is replace the first address on the 802.11 header with the peer address when TXing frames.
Instead of using WDS though you may want to consider using 4-address mode described below if you have control over the software running on the AP and respective clients/peers connected.Using 4-address for AP and client mode. In some situations it might be useful to run a network with an Access Point and multiple clients, but with each client bridged to a network behind it. For this to work, both the client and the AP need to transmit 4-address frames, containing both source and destination MAC addresses. 4-address mode is how supports WDS mode for mac80211 drivers, that is if you enable wds option on your you will end up using 4-address mode. 4-address mode is not compatible with other WDS implementations, ie, you'll need all endpoints using this mode in order for WDS to work appropriately.Linux wireless has support for 4-address mode for AP and STAs but each driver needs to define this capability explicitly. All mac80211 drivers support 4-address mode if AP or STA modes of operation are supported respectively.On the AP side you can enable 4-address frames for individual clients by isolating them in separate AP VLANs which are configured in 4-address mode.
Such an AP VLAN will be limited to one client only, and this client will be used as the destination for all traffic on its interface, regardless of the destination MAC address in the packet headers. The advantage of this mode compared to regular WDS mode is that it's easier to configure and does not require a static list of peer MAC addresses on any side. Condition for coalescence.
/ // `/ / / / / / // // / / / / // / // / / / /,/// /./// ///airportA command line interface for AirPort wireless on macOS / OS X. Usage Usage:airport info -l -longairport join airport qualityairport offairport onairport scan airport ssidairport -h -help helpairport -versionSubcommands:info Print the current network SSID and quality.
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January 2023
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